Cheek Swabs to Find Bone Marrow donors

If you make it easy then maybe people will be more likely to step up and help.  Looks like that strategy worked here.  Cheek swabs to find donors is a much less invasive method of finding a bone marrow match than a blood draw.

A B.C. pilot project using free, Web mail-order cheek swab kits to recruit young and ethnically diverse bone marrow stem cell donors, is being deemed such a whopping success that it's now being rolled out across the country.

Ethnic groups are being targeted because 85 per cent of would-be donors in the bone marrow registry are Caucasian, which makes it highly difficult to find matches for ethnic patients. Younger donors are sought because they are the healthiest.

The national program follows a Canadian Blood Services (CBS) project over the past four months in B.C., during which cheek swab kits were mailed to those between the ages of 17 and 50 after they registered for them online.

The kits contain long sticks resembling Q-tips to scrape skin cells from the inside of cheeks. The kit is sent back to CBS in Ottawa; the individual's DNA is then extracted, typed and entered in a database.

Before the cheek swab kits were introduced, would-be donors had to go to a laboratory for a blood draw, a far more expensive, inconvenient process. Now the cheek swab kits will largely replace laboratory blood collection for DNA typing.

Source:  Canada.com

AML Benzene case filed in Illinois

Why would it be important to list how a person learned about the connection between AML and benzene? 

This article, I found,  lists that as the headline.  The person who filed the lawsuit learned about the connection between AML and Benzene from a TV ad.  The reason it may be important is that the case may have a problem with the statute of limitations

The Statute of Limitations is a law which limits the amount of time that you have to file a lawsuit.  In some states it can be very short (1 year) and in others it can be 3 years or more.  In a lot of the states, the law is written in such a way that the statute of limitations "clock" doesn't start until after you learn of the connection between the disease and benzene. 

This is called the discovery rule.  The time starts to run you discover the connection between your injury and the benzene.  This is not true in all states, so you have to carefully read the law to find out.

Here's the article:  "TV Ad informs laborer of links to disease"

Had it not been for a television advertisement, laborer Steve Ivkovcic may not have known the reason he developed acute myelogenous leukemia was because of benzene-containing products he was exposed to at work.

Ivkovcic, a machinist and tool and die maker, filed a benzene suit against 11 defendant corporations in Madison County Circuit Court Feb. 7, alleging benzene caused his disease.

"Steve Ivkovcic did not know that the products (he was exposed to at work) contained benzene, or that benzene could cause Acute Myelogenous Leukemia until approximately August of 2007 when he saw a television advertisement," the complaint states.

Ivkovcic was employed at Pactiv in Wheeling, Ill. from 1986 until 2007, and at Johnson Motors in Waukegan, Ill. from 1970 until 1986.

He claims that during his employment at Johnson Motors, he was exposed to benzene and benzene-containing products which were manufactured and/or sold by the defendants, which include BP Products North America Inc., BP Corporation North America Inc., BP Amoco Chemical Company, Exxon Corporation, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Exxon Mobil Oil, Radiator Specialty Company, Sunoco, Inc., Sunoco (R&M), United States Steel and Aristech Chemical.

Ivkovcic claims the benzene-containing products consisted of products known as "Naptha" which was manufactured by Amoco and Mobil.

According to the complaint, Naptha was manufactured at Amoco at its Wood River refinery.

He was diagnosed with AML in the summer of 2006, the complaint states.

AML is a fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow - the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made.

Ivkovcic claims the defendants were negligent by failing to use ordinary care to eliminate benzene from products and failed to provide a safe place for him to work.

He also claims the defendants failed to give adequate warnings of the harmful effects associated with exposure to benzene and benzene-containing products and failed to provide adequate safety equipment and/or failed to recommend adequate safety and control measures.

According to Ivkovcic, his disease has disabled and disfigured him, caused him to incur medical expenses, and has caused great physical pain and mental anguish.

Represented by Thomas Schwartz of Holloran, White & Schwartz in St. Louis and L. Jeth Jones of Houston, Ivkovcic is seeking damages in excess of $150,000, plus costs of the suit.

The case has been assigned to Circuit Judge Nicholas Byron.

Source:  St.Clair Record

MDS: Is it cancer, pre-cancer or non-of the above

I found this interesting blog post on Myelodysplastic Syndromes.  It discusses whether MDS will always lead to cancer.  It has a lot of good information.

Primary MDS represents a family of diseases, most prevalent in those over the age of 50 to 60, that involve unwanted variations in the function of the bone marrow in its role as the storehouse and processing center of the stem cells that ultimately turn into blood cells. These MD syndromes are called primary because they do not develop after a patients has been treated aggressively for cancer by radiation or chemotherapy which are known to cause MDS as a secondary, or side-effect. Nor do primary MDS patients have a known long-term exposure to hematologically carcinogenic chemicals like benzene, which can bring on MDS and leukemia.

Source:  http://sla-divisions.typepad.com/dbio/2008/01/the-myelodyspla.html

Benzene Still in Drinks?

This entire story amazes me.  What the heck is Benzene doing in drinks?  I'm practically speechless over it.

Nearly one out of ten of 200 beverage samples analyzed in a recent study by the EPA and FDA still had benzene levels above the U.S. EPA drinking water limit of 5 parts per billion (ppb).

Many manufacturers have reformulated their products to minimize or eliminate benzene. In these reformulated products, benzene levels were 1.1 ppb or less. About 71 percent of beverage samples contained less than 1 ppb.

...

Benzene is not something you want to be consuming as it has been linked to leukemia and other problems. It is usually found in pollutants such as car exhaust fumes. Ironically, the main reason it’s in soft drinks these days is because some manufacturers have added vitamin C to their beverages in an effort to make them seem more healthy.

Source: http://www.vivelecanada.ca/article.php/20080129092441196

What is AML- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a blood disease of your blood. AML is when you do not have enough red and white blood cells.  Another way to describe AML is that your blood grows Blasts which are a early type of white blood cell.  It grows these blasts so fast that they basically push out all of the other white  and red blood cells.  If you have AML Leukemia you will not have enough red blood cells and not enough white blood cells because they are outnumbered.

AML is often a result of exposure to some sort of environmental toxin, such as benzene or radiation

Other names that you might hear for AML are Acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

Cigarette Smoking and leukemia

Yes, Cigarette smoking is associated with Leukemia.  The following is an abstract from a paper from 1993.

Cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for leukemia. No detailed biological mechanism has been proposed, but a causal link is made plausible by evidence of systemic effects of cigarette smoke and the presence in cigarette smoke of chemicals that have been associated with leukemia risk.

...

CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk for leukemia and may lead to leukemias of specific morphologic and chromosomal types. The association varies with age.

Read the whole Abstract here:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8246285

AML Symptoms

Just a quick post listing some of the common symptoms related to Acute Myelogenous Luekemia

  • Shortness of Breath
  • Fatigue (Feeling Sleepy or Tired)
  • Bruise easily
  • Cuts heal very slowly or you bleed easily
  • Repeated infections
  • Joint Pain
  • Mild fevers
Don't give yourself a diagnosis of AML based on this list.  Go see your doctor and discuss it with him or her.

Targeting stem cells suggests way to cure leukemia, mice study shows

Canadian scientists are investigating a novel way of treating a deadly form of leukemia: By targeting the stem cells that allow the cancer to return after chemotherapy has resulted in apparent remission.

Using an experimental drug, researchers at Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto were able to cure some mice transplanted with the human form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The discovery offers promise that the drug could have the same effect in humans with the disease.

Read more about this at the Source:  Yahoo News Canada

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Another Clinical Trial for an MDS Drug

From a press release from the company...

Lorus Therapeutics Inc. ('Lorus'), a biopharmaceutical company specializing in the research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products and technologies for the management of cancer, today announced a plan for a new clinical investigation of GTI-2040 as a single-agent in patients with high grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Source:  Yahoo News

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Shorter Treatment for NHL

A new study has found that survival rates among elderly patients affected by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has increased by using a different treatment method.

The treatment involves cutting the standard chemotherapy time in half, but still using the same combination and doses of drugs and antibodies.

Dr Luke Coyle from Sydney's Royal North Shore Hospital says the new, shorter burst of treatment has effective results.

"It's very exciting to have the scientific proof that you can do it better and you can treat patients in a shorter period of time, which will hopefully allow them to tolerate the procedure much better as well," he said.

"It's a very difficult thing in your life to have six months of therapy punctuated by regular hospital visits and hopefully this will perhaps be compressed into a much shorter period, perhaps three months."

He says the practice is now likely to be adopted in all Australian hospitals.

Source:  Yahoo News

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Hodgkin's v. Non-Hodgkin's: What's the difference

I found this on the Mayo Clinic website.  Great stuff explaining the difference between the two diseases.

Follow this link:  Hodgkin's v. non-Hodgkin's  What's the difference?

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New agent causes leukemia cell death

I found this article about a method for inhibiting leukemia cells. 

A team of researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center has discovered an entirely new mechanism of action for a novel pharmacological agent currently in clinical trials in patients - the kinase inhibitor BAY 43-9006 - which was designed to disrupt the survival pathways of tumor cells....

"We were surprised to find that the killing effects of Bay 43-9006 in human leukemia cells had very little to do with inhibition of the Raf-1 pathway," Grant said. "Instead, the major mechanism of lethality of this compound involved down-regulation of a protein known as Mcl-1, which plays a critical role in protecting leukemic cells from apoptosis.

Source:  Medicalnewstoday.com

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Team in Training and Leukemia

A little of topic here.  I'm not going to opine about anything legal...

Team in Training supports people who raise money for the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.  I had a friend who did this and ran an Olympic distance triathlon in Florida last year (approx. 3/4 mile swim, 26 mile bike, 10K run). The Palm Beach group raised $300,000 last year for Leukemia research.

Palm Beach Article

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Leukemia and Lymphoma Society reaches out to Katrina victims

The many thousands of cancer patients in the Gulf Coast region who have been displaced by Hurricane Katrina may have trouble over the coming weeks getting access to the cancer treatment they need. To ensure that these patients, many of whom are in need of acute care, do not have their treatments interrupted, the Society is reaching out to treatment facilities in the surrounding region to find out which ones are able to help displaced patients from the evacuated areas. Patients are urged to contact the Society's Information Resource Center (IRC) at 1(800) 955-4572 to receive referrals to treatment facilities in the areas to which they have relocated. Specialists in the IRC can also answer questions about patients' eligibility for financial aid offered by the Society.

Source:  RedNova.com

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FDA turns down Leukemia Drug

The FDA turned down a Johnson & Johnson application for a new experimental leukemia drug.  The drug was called tipifarnib.

Tipifarnib is an oral medication studied to treat acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients who are not candidates for standard chemotherapy.

Source:  Reuters at Yahoo

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Cord Blood Bill in Congress

Umbilical cord blood is a potential source of stem cells. Aplastic Anemia can be treated with stem cells.  It is a possible resource for the many people who cannot match up with a bone marrow donor.  This article talks about the Stem Cell Therapeutic & Research Act of 2005 (HR2520).  That act will provide funding to develop a national inventory of cord blood available to people with blood diseases like Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Aplastic Anemia.

Source:  Yahoo News

Additional Links:  www.nationalcordbloodprogram.org

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Revlimid surprises Doctors in MDS study

Doctors were surprised that this drug they were testing to relieve the symptoms of MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndromes) was actually a very effective way of treating the disease.

Specialists said Revlimid now looks like a breakthrough and the first effective treatment for many people with myelodysplastic syndrome, or MDS, which is even more common than leukemia.

"It may be, if not eradicating the disease, putting it into what I would call deep remission," said Dr. David Johnson, a cancer specialist at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center who is familiar with but had no role in the research.

Revlimid "is not yet on the market but almost certainly will be" because of these findings, he said.

Source:  AP at Yahoo

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Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Treatment

This is from a press release concerning Zevalin.  Apparently the University of Pittsburgh has released findings that Zevalin may be effective is treating Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with advanced disease.

According to a University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) study, patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) previously treated with chemotherapy and adult stem cell transplantation can safely tolerate ZevalinTM (ibritumomab tiuxetan), a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody that targets radiation directly to a tumor.

"Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who have failed standard chemotherapy and have received stem cell transplantation have few treatment options available," said Samuel Jacobs, M.D., lead investigator and associate director for clinical investigations at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC Cancer Centers. "As a result, it is crucial to evaluate novel therapies in the advanced disease setting. Our preliminary results indicate that Zevalin is a safe option for these patients."

Read the full release here:  Zevalin Safe and Effective for non-Hodgkins Lymphoma patients with advanced disease

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Acute Myelocytic Treatment News

Found this link today on an AML treatment Genasense.  The company, Genta, released some information indicating that the drug appears to correlate with a particular molecule.  Read the article, but basically it means that they think that the Genasense does what it is designed to do when treating Acute Myelocytic Leukemia.

Source: RedNova Reports Show Correlations of Genasense(R) Levels With Target and Biomarker Effects in Patients With Acute Myelocytic Leukemia and Prostate Cancer

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Leukemia research (New Enzyme)

CHAPEL HILL -- Scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have identified an enzyme that helps trigger the development of leukemia, a cancer of blood cells.

The enzyme hDOT1L activates a set of genes that plays a key role in the rare and largely incurable acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This disease affects less than 2 percent of the estimated 16,000 individuals diagnosed with acute leukemia nationwide each year. The discovery, based on research using bone marrow cells from mice, offers a potential target for new drugs against this form of leukemia, the researchers said.

Source:  University of North Carolina Press Release

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New Drug for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia?

A number of our clients have CML as a result of benzene exposure.  Many of them are on Gleevec and they find it very helpful.

A new compound may offer an alternative treatment for people with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who are resistant to treatment with the drug Gleevec, according to two studies presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, in Anaheim, Calif.

Source:  Yahoo News

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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

What is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)?  Well, it is one of the most common cancers in the United States and ranks as the 5th most common. Approximately 50,000 cases a year are diagnosed. It is a cancer where tumors develop in different areas of your body.  Those tumors develop from the white blood cells.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is one of those cancers that we believe is connected to benzene exposure.

Treatment for Non-Hodgkin's involves the expected list of cancer treatments:

  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation
  • Stem Cell Transplant and
  • drugs such as Rituxan and Zevalin

For more information on NHL got to WebMD

For more information on Legal Issues relating to NHL and Benzene go to Our benzene website

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Leukemia Treatment

I am not going to try to lay out ALL treatment options here.  Those are certainly best discussed with doctors.  Here are some basic treatment options that we have seen with some of our clients with benzene related leukemia use.

  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Bone Marrow Transplant
  • Drug Therapy

If you are interested in this, I'm just going to provide some links here so you can read about this more in depth on medical websites.

www.mdanderson.com

www.webmd.com I have always liked Webmd.com because their material is usually pretty easy to read and easy to navigate.

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Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) is when your bone marrow makes blood cells that do not work very well.  This different from Aplastic Anemia where the bone marrow just stops making the blood cells.

The symptoms are similar to Aplastic Anemia in that you would have fatigue or tiredness, bleeding or bruising and be prone to infections.  This is because all of your different types of blood cells are not working like they should be.

Just like Aplastic Anemia, we believe that Myelodysplastic Syndromes is due to chemical exposure, particularly benzene.

Some Myelodysplastic Syndromes Resources:

Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation, Inc.

National Cancer Institute

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Aplastic Anemia

Leukemia in general is a blood disease.  There are several parts that make up your blood.  Your blood is made in your bone marrow.  When your bone marrow stops making your red blood cells, white blood cells AND your Platelets then you might be diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia. (A related disease is MDS, Myelodsyplastic Syndromes).

Symptoms of Aplastic Anemia include, fatigue or tiredness, bruising or bleeding and repeated infections.  Each of these symptoms is related to the lack of certain blood cells (white red or platelets).

Aplastic Anemia is related to chemical exposure and we believe that it is particularly related to benzene exposure.

Aplastic Anemia Resources:

http://www.aplastic.org/diseases.shtml

Mayo Clinic

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AML - Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

AML -- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia --

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a disease of your blood.  Your bone marrow makes your blood Your blood cells are basically made up of platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells.  If you have AML Leukemia you will not have enough red blood cells and not enough AML is not inherited and you cannot pass it to someone else. 

AML is most often caused by some sort of environmental cause such as exposure to benzene and/or radiation. Other names that you might hear for AML are Acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

Symptoms

  • Shortness of Breath
  • Fatigue (Feeling Sleepy or Tired)
  • Bruise easily
  • Cuts heal very slowly or you bleed easily
  • Repeated infections
  • Joint Pain
  • Mild fevers

How do you diagnose AML? You diagnose this with a blood test.  The cells need to be examined under a microscope to see if they are the correct type.

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